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  • Long Sing IOT Battery in smart water meter industry

    2021-09-15 21:26:58 27

    Abstract

    The lithium thionyl chloride battery is connected in parallel with the HPC, and the lithium thionyl chloride battery charges the HPC with a small current through the voltage difference with the HPC. When powering externally, HPC bears most of the current output. Before the next pulse arrives, the lithium thionyl chloride battery rushes HPC to a suitable voltage, and the cycle works like this. Due to the voltage characteristics of the lithium thionyl chloride battery at no load, even after 80% of the capacity of the lithium thionyl chloride battery is consumed, its no-load voltage can still be maintained at 3.65V (consistent with the new battery), that is, HPC will be charged to 3.65V, consistent with the new battery pack. The discharge capacity of HPC remains basically unchanged, and the cycle reciprocates until the capacity of the lithium thionyl chloride cell is exhausted, ensuring that the service life and discharge capacity of the battery pack are consistent with the estimate. Greatly improve the effective capacity of the battery. ——It can effectively solve the problem of lithium thionyl chloride battery voltage delay and large current pulse discharge problems.

     

    Basic requirements for water meter power supply

     

    With the expansion of smart meters and the addition of more functions, especially the addition of wireless transmission functions, the requirements for batteries are also higher. Combining the situation of two typical smart water meters to illustrate how to select and design the battery.

     

    Electricity characteristics of wireless remote water meters:

    Power mode

    Current

    Pulse duration

    Pulse frequency

    Capacity consumption mAh/year

    Static power

    5uA



    44

    Valve action

    Average current 100mA

    (peak current 300mA)

    60s

    1 time/day

    511

     

    Battery life: 8 years

    Working temperature: -10~+60

    Minimum voltage of equipment: 3.0V

     

    Electricity characteristics of GSM remote water meter:

     

    Power mode

    Current

    Pulse duration

    Pulse frequency

    Capacity consumption mAh/year

    Static power

    45uA



    395

    Valve action

    20mA

    60s

    2 times/day

    244

    GSM working

    Average current 

    300mA

    (peak current 200mA)

    60s

    2 times/day

    5374

     

    Battery life: 2 years

    Working temperature: -30~+60

    Equipment working voltage: 5.5~7.5V

     

    1. Voltage delay

    After the battery has undergone long-term small current, or after long-term storage or high-temperature storage, the battery's working voltage is lower than the specified voltage during the initial stage of battery discharge. This state is called voltage delay. With the extension of the discharge time, the voltage gradually rises and reaches the specified voltage. This period of time is called "voltage delay time". The voltage delay time is related to the discharge current and temperature. The higher the current, the lower the temperature, the more serious the voltage delay. The influence of voltage delay: After the battery is powered on by a microampere current, it cannot solve the passivation of the battery surface. At this time, when working with high current, if the passivation film on the electrode surface is very thick, the battery voltage may drop below 1.8V in an instant, causing the single-chip microcomputer crash or misjudgment, indicating that the battery is under-voltage or the single-chip microcomputer is out of control, causing the battery to run out of energy.

     

    2. High current pulse capability:

     Especially the high current capability under low temperature conditions. At low temperatures, the high current capability of the lithium thionyl chloride battery drops sharply. Coupled with the influence of passivation, the battery voltage will be lower than the device's alarm voltage, causing undervoltage. With the use of the battery, especially when the capacity consumption exceeds 60%, the large current discharge capability of the battery becomes weaker and weaker. The effective capacity of the battery cannot be evaluated. (ER34615 maximum instantaneous discharge current 300mA and maximum continuous discharge current 150mA)

     

    Solution

    In view of the characteristics of the water meter and the characteristics of the lithium battery, Long Sing's plan is: Bobbin type lithium thionyl chloride battery + hybrid pulse battery (HPC) form a parallel battery pack—IOT battery.

     

    3.6V ER34615+HPC1550.jpgIoT Battery |HPC| Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery| Lithium Battery   

    HPC characteristic parameters:

    Working temperature:-40 ~+85 High current pulse capability:

    The maximum current can reach 15A

    Low self-discharge rate:<1%/year

    Long life cycle: 5000 100% DOD cycles

    Long service life: more than 10 years (exceeding the service life of electrical equipment)

    Can be charged and discharged at extreme temperatures

    Fully sealed technology using laser welding to ensure no leakage under extreme conditions

    Environmental protection green new energy

     

    1552057286.jpg

     

    The working principle of the battery pack is: The lithium thionyl chloride battery is connected in parallel with the HPC, and the lithium thionyl chloride battery charges the HPC with a small current through the voltage difference with the HPC. When powering externally, HPC bears most of the current output. Before the next pulse arrives, the lithium thionyl chloride battery rushes HPC to a suitable voltage, and the cycle works like this. Due to the voltage characteristics of the lithium thionyl chloride battery at no load, even after 80% of the capacity of the lithium thionyl chloride battery is consumed, its no-load voltage can still be maintained at 3.65V (consistent with the new battery), that is, HPC will be charged to 3.65V, consistent with the new battery pack. The discharge capacity of HPC remains basically unchanged, and the cycle reciprocates until the capacity of the lithium thionyl chloride cell is exhausted, ensuring that the service life and discharge capacity of the battery pack are consistent with the estimate. Greatly improve the effective capacity of the battery. ——It can effectively solve the problem of lithium thionyl chloride battery voltage delay and large current pulse discharge problems.

     

    Experimental proof

    According to the characteristics of the wireless remote water meter battery, the following design is made: It is calculated that the required capacity of the wireless remote water meter for 8 years is: (511+44)=555*8=4440mAh. We consider using ER26500 in parallel with HPC1520 battery pack for power supply, with a nominal capacity of 8500mAh. Considering the discharge efficiency of the battery under low current in winter and high temperature in summer, we generally think that the effective rate of capacity is 80% (6800mAh).

     

    Taking into account the efficiency of HPC being charged by lithium thionyl chloride batteries, the following tests are made:


    1. The battery pack releases different capacity and voltage recovery capabilities

    IoT Battery |HPC| Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery| Lithium Battery

     


    2. Simulate Lithium thionyl chloride battery ER26500 capacity consumption about 70% and then discharge voltage recovery

    IoT Battery |HPC| Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery| Lithium Battery

     

    3. Recovery of discharge voltage under low temperature conditions:

     IoT Battery |HPC| Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery| Lithium Battery

    Taking into account the ability of the battery at peak current to make the following tests:

     

    In order to figure out the usage characteristics of the battery, we set to speed up the working cycle, as shown in the following table:

     

    Discharge system

    Cycle times

    Discharge capacity(mAh)

    New battery ER26500+HPC1520, 300mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    4254

    5956

    Lithium thionyl chloride battery consumes 5.6Ah, then connect to HPC1520, 300mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    921

    1289

    New battery ER26500+HPC1520, 100mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    6035

    8450

    ER26500 battery 300mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    2091

    1046

     

    Test at -10 at low temperature:

    Discharge system

    Cycle times

    Discharge capacity(mAh)

    New battery ER26500+HPC1520, 300mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    1409

    1972

    Lithium thionyl chloride consumes 5.6Ah, then connect to HPC1520, 300mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    6

    8.4

    ER26500 battery 300mA discharge 1.4mAh, termination voltage 3V, stand for 5min, test cycle

    0

    0

     

    According to the characteristics of GSM remote water meter battery, the following design is made: The required capacity for 2 years is: (395+244+5374)=6013*2=12026mAh. We consider using ER34615 in parallel with HPC1550 and then connected in series to a 7.2V battery pack for power supply, with a nominal capacity of 19000mAh. Considering the discharge efficiency of the battery under low current in winter and high temperature in summer, we generally think that the effective rate of capacity is 80% (15200mAh). We installed the new battery pack and the battery pack with only 70% capacity of the lithium thionyl chloride battery ER34615 in parallel with HPC1550. The actual test was performed 100 times under extreme low temperature (-35), and the minimum working voltage of the equipment was maintained at 6V~6.5V. It can fully meet the power demand. The effective capacity of the entire battery pack can reach more than 13,300 mAh. It can fully meet the requirements of two years of equipment use.

     

    According to the above test results, our IOT battery can fully meet the power demand of the water meter industry.


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